美国海关查验的三种情况详情
海关检查类型 #1：VACIS/NII查验
车辆和货物检查系统 (VACIS) 或非侵入式查验 (NII) 是您将遇到的最典型的查验。尽管有花哨的首字母缩略词，但过程非常简单：对您的集装箱进行 X 光检查，以便美国海关人员有机会寻找与所提供文件不符的违禁品或货物。The Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System (VACIS) or Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) is the most typical inspection you’ll encounter. Despite the fancy acronyms, the process is quite simple: Your container is X-rayed to give U.S Customs agents a chance to look for contraband items or cargo that doesn’t match the paperwork provided.
由于这种查验相对不显眼，因此通常成本较低且耗时较少。?查验费用约为300美元。但是，您也可能需要支付往返查验地点的运输费用，也称为拖运费用。需要多长时间取决于港口的交通量和队列的长度，但您通常会查看 2-3 天。Because this inspection is relatively unobtrusive, it’s generally less costly and time-consuming.?The inspection costs around $300. However, you may also be charged for transportation to and from the inspection site, also known as drayage. How long it takes depends on the amount of traffic in the port and the length of the queue, but you’re generally looking at 2-3 days.
如果 VACIS/NII 查验没有产生任何令人惊讶的结果，您的货柜将被释放并在途中发送。但是，如果查验引起怀疑，您的货件将升级为随后的两项更彻底的查验之一。If the VACIS/NII exam doesn’t yield anything surprising, your container will be released and sent on its way. However, if the exam raises suspicion, your shipment will be escalated to one of the two more thorough exams that follow.
海关检查 #2：Tail Gate Exam尾门查验
在 VACIS/NII 检查中，您容器上的密封保持完好。然而，尾门查验代表了调查的下一步。在这种类型的检查中，CBP官员将打开您的集装箱密封并窥视其中的一些货物。In a VACIS/NII exam, the seal on your container stays intact. However, a Tail Gate Exam represents the next step of the investigation. In this type of exam, a CBP officer will break the seal of your container and take a peek inside some of the shipments.
因为这个查验比扫描要激烈一些，所以可能需要 5-6 天，具体取决于端口流量。成本可能高达 350 美元，而且，如果必须将货物移动进行查验，您将支付任何运输费用。Because this exam is a little more intense than a scan, it may take 5-6 days, depending on port traffic. Costs can be up to $350, and, again, if the shipment has to be moved for inspection, you’ll pay any transportation costs.
如果一切正常，容器可能会被释放。但是，如果事情看起来不正确，您的货件可能会升级到第三类查验。If everything looks in order, the container may be released. However, if things don’t look right, your shipment may get upgraded to the third type of inspection.
海关检查 #3：Intensive Customs Exam密集的海关查验
买家和卖家经常害怕这种特殊类型的查验，因为它可能导致延迟一周到 30 天不等，具体取决于查验队列中还有多少其他货物。Buyers and sellers often dread this particular type of examination, because it can result in delays that range from a week to 30 days, depending on how many other shipments are in the inspection queue.
对于本次查验，您的货物将被运送到海关检查站 (CES)，并且，是的，您将支付将货物运送到 CES 的拖运费用。在那里，货物将由 CBP 进行彻底检查。For this exam, your shipment will be transported to a Customs Examination Station (CES), and, yes, you’ll pay the drayage costs for moving your goods to the CES. There, the shipment will be thoroughly inspected by CBP.
正如您可能猜到的那样，这种检查将是三种检查中成本最高的。您需要支付卸货和重新装载货物的人工费用，以及为使您的集装箱保持比预期更长的时间而产生的滞留费用——甚至更多。在一天结束时，这种类型的查验可能会花费你几千美元.As you can probably guess, this type of inspection will be the most costly of the three.?You’ll be charged for the labor to unload and reload the shipment, as well as detention costs for keeping your container longer than expected—and more. At the end of the day, this type of exam can cost you a couple of thousand dollars.
最后，CBP 和 CES 的员工均不对检查期间造成的任何损坏负责。?Finally, neither CBP nor the employees of the CES are responsible for any damage done during an inspection。
他们也不会像最初展示的那样小心地重新包装容器。因此，经过密集海关检查的货物抵达时可能会受损。这就是为什么确保对运输或检查相关的损害有足够的保障对您来说很重要。They will also not repack the container with the same care it was originally shown. As a result, shipments subject to intensive customs exams may arrive damaged.
所以现在你明白了为什么查验后的货物会丢失了吧。
关于费用的几点说明
正如我们所提到的，每种类型的海关查验都会产生费用。尽管 CBP 是要求进行这些查验的组织，但根据联邦法律，进口商必须支付相关费用。对于出口，请参阅您的合同以确定谁负责付款，买方或卖方。As we mentioned, every type of customs exam will result in fees. Even though CBP is the organization that requests these inspections, under federal law, the importer is required to pay the associated fees. For exports, refer to your contract to determine who’s responsible for payment, the buyer or the seller.
最终，这些费用不是由 CBP 直接收取的。相反，您将支付以下费用：Ultimately, these fees are not directly charged by CBP. Instead, you’ll be paying fees to:
集中检查站 (CES)是 CBP 用来检查货物的私人设施。CES 的工作人员将负责您的查验后勤工作，例如装卸您的货物，而您将为此服务付费。他们还可能会向您收取将您的货物存放在其仓库中的仓储费。The Centralized Examination Station (CES), which is a private facility that CBP uses to inspect shipments. The staff at the CES will take care of the logistics of your inspection, such as loading and unloading your shipments, and you’ll pay for that service. They may also charge you storage fees for holding your shipment in their warehouse.
?运送您的货物进出 CES的运输公司。您会在发票上看到这些作为拖运费用。The transportation company?who moves your shipment to and from the CES. You’ll see these on your invoice as drayage charges.
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